Classroom invariants: working memory and attention

On this episode of Mind the Gap, Tom Sherrington and Emma Turner welcome back Dr Carl Hendrick - writer, researcher and relentless “research distiller” - for a wide-ranging conversation about what the educational research can (and can’t) tell us, and how ideas mutate as they travel through schools. Starting with Carl’s monthly research round-ups and emerging areas like pre-questions (“pre-trieval”), they dig into a lively debate about the replication of the original scaffolding study and what that means for teachers: why learning science is probabilistic, why single studies shouldn’t become dogma, and how “evidence-based” can be misapplied in crude tick-box ways. From there, Carl makes the case for thinking less about “teaching” as an all-purpose term and more about instructional design - the alignment of curriculum, instruction and assessment - and introduces Herbert Simon’s idea of instructional invariants: the conditions that must hold for learning to happen (working memory limits, attention, cumulative knowledge and prerequisites). Along the way they tackle the “lethal mutations” of retrieval practice, the expertise required to design coherent curricula (and why most teachers shouldn’t be expected to do it all), and the implications of AI for homework, assessment and the future of curriculum design.

Carl Hendrick is an internationally recognised expert in the science of learning and instructional design. He is a professor at Academica University of Applied Sciences in Amsterdam and leads research projects that bridge cognitive science, educational psychology, and classroom practice. Carl’s work focuses on helping teachers and school leaders apply robust, evidence-based strategies - such as retrieval practice, spacing, and explicit instruction - to improve student learning. He has co-authored several influential books, including How Learning Happens and Instructional Illusions, and regularly advises schools and organisations on implementing research-informed approaches.

Tom Sherrington has worked in schools as a teacher and leader for 30 years and is now a consultant specialising in teacher development and curriculum & assessment planning. He regularly contributes to conferences and CPD sessions locally and nationally and is busy working in schools and colleges across the UK and around the world. Follow Tom on X ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@teacherhead⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Emma Turner FCCT is a school improvement advisor, education consultant, trainer and author. She has almost three decades of primary teaching, headship and leadership experience across the sector, working and leading in both MATs and LAs. She works nationally and internationally on school improvement including at single school level and at scale. She has a particular interest in research informed practice in the primary phase, early career development, and CPD design. Follow Emma on X ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@emma_turner75⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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This podcast is sponsored by Teaching WalkThrus and produced in association with Haringey Education Partnership. Find out more at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://walkthrus.co.uk/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://haringeyeducationpartnership.co.uk/⁠