Colonialism's long standing capitalist plunder was challenged by decolonization. The third worldists were defeated by the neo liberal counter offensive, which insured that newly independent nations could not be substantively free. As kojo koram writesqte, racism did not spread because of an inherent fear and hatred of people of different appearance but because there was a need to gain more resource in wealth. That required making others disposable, particularly those who inconveniently lived on the lands where those resources were located.