Manato: Affirmative action is complicated in munited states because its official justification is around diversity, rather than about the injustices done to african americans over the last 400 years. He asks whether we might end up getting relatively equal outcomes in income and wealth between blacks and whites 50 or a hundred years from now. And more broadly, perhaps part of te way to save these more race conscious policies is to be much more specific about who should benefit from them.