"By definition, you have to be conscious to experience anything," he says. "I agree with depats conclusion, but i we need more than just the pystemic argument." He argues that it's not enough to know what is in my consciousness and derive from that the antic claim that the universe is only in consciousness. 'You can establish your case empirically or based on reasoning'
In this expansive conversation, Michael Shermer speaks with Bernardo Kastrup, the executive director of Essentia Foundation. His work has been leading the modern renaissance of metaphysical idealism, the notion that reality is essentially mental. He has a Ph.D. in philosophy (ontology, philosophy of mind) and another Ph.D. in computer engineering (reconfigurable computing, artificial intelligence). Shermer and Kastrup discuss: materialism, idealism, dualism, monism, panpsychism, free will, determinism, consciousness, the problem of other minds, artificial intelligence, out of body and near-death experiences, model dependent realism, and the ultimate nature of reality.