2min chapter

Pekingology cover image

Retrofitting Leninism

Pekingology

CHAPTER

What Is the Difference Between Mass Participation and Voluntary Participation?

In the case of chima, there's clearly both of those elements at play. There is also quite a bit of voluntary participation,. People are voluntarily engaging in discussions about local governmant decisions where to spend extra money or how to divy up scarce. Those are not forced, coerced examples of participation.

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