So there are over 2,500, 2,500 Serovars of Salmonella and Terica that are in six different subspecies. Okay.

So quick question. And I don't know if we covered this on typhoid. What makes a Serovar a Serovar?

I knew that you were going to ask that and I still don't really

know. Did I ask that

on Salmonella or on typhoid? I can't remember. I still don't fully understand because it gets into the very confusing genetics of bacterial species and like how you define a species and how you define a subspecies, I don't know the answer. But we can at least narrow it down a little further because of those six different subspecies of Salmonella and Terica, we're focusing on Salmonella and Terica, subspecies and Terica. So all of the Serovars that cause disease in humans and other animals are in this very specific subspecies. And there are over 1500 different Serovars just in this subspecies alone. That's, yeah,

wow.

Yeah, basically all of these different Serovars have differences between them obviously that lead for them to have differential host specificity. So some of these Serovars infect and cause illness in a really wide range of host species and others have a relatively narrow host range. Like for example, Tifi, right, which really only causes disease in humans. But luckily for what we're talking about today, most of the non-tifoid subspecies, the pathogenic ones cause pretty similar disease. They cause enterocolitis or diarrhea. So that's why they often get lumped together as the non-tifoid Salmonella group. They definitely have a range in their severity and like I said, they're host specificity. So some might really only cause disease in birds or in reptiles and only rarely in humans where others are much more common in humans, et cetera. And they can range in their severity and they can also differ in their susceptibility to antibiotics for a number of different reasons we'll get into a little more later. But an important thing to keep in mind is that when characteristics that make a particular Serovar more invasive or more likely to cause an invasive disease, a more serious disease, combined with characteristics that confer antibiotic resistance, those two things combined can make for a pretty dangerous Serovar. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. So let's get into how we get this, shall we? I think everybody knows at this point. Yeah. Just like typhoid, other strains of Salmonella and terraka, I might refer to them as just NTS or Salmonella.

I mean, I say Salmonella throughout. Cool. I think the whole time. Yeah.