The Principles of Chemistry, by Dmitri Mendeleev, Part 4
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Water and Its Properties
The water of rivers, springs, oceans, and seas contains various substances in solution. The presence of about 3.5% of salt renders seawater bitter to the taste and increases its specific gravity. Fresh water also contains salts, but only in a comparatively small quantity. On evaporation, the water passes away as vapor, whilst the salts are left behind. This is why a crust or in crustacean, consisting of salts previously in solution, is deposited on the insides of kettles or boilers.
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