Advertising doesn't just tell people the product exists. It tells us something about the product, not just information. The very fact that advertising is an upfront cost is a reliable indicator of seller confidence. I would argue because you're... Now, here's an interesting case, okay, I imagine I don't know enough about meteorology to make this claim definitively but if there were some sort of step transition in climate or weather? They call it 'complexity theory' and they say change goes through different models. Meteorologists would probably be able to predict what changes their models would have to take into account - so why isn't economics working as expected? Because we are more complex than previously thought