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The Enlightenment - The Wealth of Nations
In 18th century, Smith was trying to work out what we would now call free trade arguments. Mechanalism is basically a very old-fashioned system of thinking: if I can stockpile a lot of gold and silver in my country, block imports and increase exports, I will be better off. And although these ideas had been attacked by various people throughout the 18th century,. they were still quite widely believed and understood by politicians. That was one of the ideas that Smith really didn't like the sound of; he found them boring.