What Are the Penalties for Failure to Comply With ESG Laws?

In New York City, the Commission on Human Rights is entitled to investigate complaints by employees or applicants and can issue penalties. There's a private rate of action under the New York City law, but it's limited to current employees who are bringing a claim against their current employer. Applicants for a new position who are not employed by the employer do not have a private rates of action. So they can't bring civil litigation against the employer in court.