The invasion of ethiopia, you write, marked a critical turning point in the politic of black anti colonialism. After which pan africanism was revived as an autonomous project of world revolution. De boys had initially supported the league, but turned against it as he embraced marxism. Selr james made a similar turn after embracing trotskyism. James shifted tack after the soviet union joined the league of nations and failed to forcefully fight italian imperialism. Meanwhile, george padmore, someone we haven't talked about yet, but who played a really important role and is a major figure in your book. He had always been a communist, but then turned away, turned