99% Invisible cover image

Clean Trains

99% Invisible

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The Rise and Fall of the Graffiti Movement

David Gunn was president of the New York City Transit Authority from 1984 to 1990. He hired 1500 non-union managers and increased repair staff. Breakdowns tripled; trains derailed nearly every two weeks. The root of the problem was MTA's deferred maintenance program, he says.

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