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Transformation of Greek Colonies and Rise of Independent City-States in 500 BC Mediterranean World
Exploring the development of Greek colonies like Massilia and their growing economic engagements with Celtic-speaking communities in southern Gaul, alongside the emergence of dominant city-states such as Carthage and Syracuse. The period of 500 BC marks a crucial phase of expansion and sophistication for these colonies, showcasing their rise as independent entities wielding significant power.