Ecosystems and Regional Tensions

This chapter explores the impacts of illegal fishing and construction on coral ecosystems in the South China Sea, challenging Philippine claims against Chinese actions. It also examines escalating tensions between Pakistan and India following an incident in Kashmir, detailing Pakistan's countermeasures in response to perceived aggression. Additionally, the chapter highlights the 50th anniversary of ECOWAS, where African leaders reaffirm their commitment to regional unity amid challenges presented by member withdrawals.