Forecasting Scenarios: Muddle Through, Sectoral Ceasefire, or Prolonged War

Michael speaks with Nico Lange, a senior fellow at the Center for European Policy Analysis and the Munich Security Conference, about the grinding war in Ukraine and the outlook for Europe. Nico details how Russia's summer offensive failed to deliver results for the Kremlin and argues that Western support for Ukraine must move beyond "survival mode." He outlines the strategic necessity of deep strikes on Russian oil refineries and infrastructure to limit Putin's ability to wage war. Nico also discusses the success of U.S. pressure in increasing European support and explains why more pressure on Putin is urgently needed to find the war's off-ramp.