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What Is a Caliphate?
The caliphate is thought of as an era of relative pluralism, tolerance and a continuity to the early days of Islam. The term caliph was used for the first successor to the prophet Muhammad; his name was Abu Bakr. In any of its various eras, I will divide up the caliphate historically into at least four different types of relationships between power and religion. It's emphatically not absolutist.