13min chapter

The China History Podcast cover image

Ep. 348 | Paper Sons and the Chinese Confessions Program

The China History Podcast

CHAPTER

The Birth of Paper Sons: Citizenship Claims and Immigration Strategies

This chapter delves into the Chinese Confessions Program that emerged after a catastrophic earthquake in the late 1800s, allowing immigrants to exploit legal loopholes to claim U.S. citizenship. It highlights the creation of 'paper sons' and the resulting complexities of undocumented immigration along with the discrimination faced by Chinese immigrants in the early 20th century.

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