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Unwrapping the Enigma, Mystery and Riddle: Stephen Kotkin Explains Russia to Andrew Roberts | Hoover Institution

The Secrets of Statecraft

CHAPTER

Paradoxes of Power: Lenin's Famous Testament

In the first volume of your Stalin biography, Paradoxes of Power, you made the controversial but convincing case that Lenin's famous testament had in fact been written by his wife after his stroke. Would you like to give us some background to this and explain the significance and the consequences of it? Lenin was ill much earlier than we understand. He was ill already in 1921, and a mere four years into the revolution. And he had his first stroke in 1922. In fact, he promoted Stalin to General Secretary of the Party in April of 1922. We have that document in Lenin's opinion. The next month Lenin had a major stroke. It was the first of a series of four major strokes.

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