Dan Rufus: I think maybe a good place to end Dan might be to talk about species level upstream thinking. He says there is a story, an example in recent human history where humankind came together to combat a problem that had never happened. It's called planetary protection and it dates back to the 50s and 60s when NASA was worried about moon bugs. Heath: This is the first time in human history that humans as a global species decided to prevent damage before we were capable of doing something.