Introduction

In the conclusion of our examination of Isabel Menzies’ “A Case-Study in the Functioning of Social Systems as a Defence Against Anxiety,” we discuss more contemporary sources of anxiety and the various individual and collective methods used to defend against it. We generally found that what produces stress and how we cope with it may change, but the nature of anxiety and its natural presence in organizational life stays largely the same. So how can we apply Menzies’ findings to modern organizations?