Advancements in Lupus Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies

The chapter explores a diagnostic study on multiple biomarkers in lupus patients to predict disease activity and differentiate renal involvement. It addresses challenges in identifying flares in patients lacking traditional biomarkers, discusses the impact of newer biomarkers like CD163 and CD169, and examines the efficacy of treatments such as open entosumab in B-cell depletion and renal response. The chapter also focuses on the outcomes of patients with pure membranous lupus nephritis, discussing predictors of poor outcomes, the dynamic nature of lupus nephritis, and the potential transition from non-proliferative to proliferative disease.