The Black Elk Speaks

Author John Nye Heart interviewed Black Elk on the Pine Ridge Reservation in 1930 and 1931. These interviews became the basis of the book Black Elk Speaks, which came out in 1932 when Black Elk was about 66 years old. In 1947, the anthropologist Joseph Epps-Brown interviewed him about Lakota religious ceremonies. The resulting book called The Sacred Pipe is an account of the seven rights of the Okla Lassu.