Focusing on God's providence in our suffering, Don Carson explains that suffering can be divine discipline but is not always directly related to personal sin, as shown in John 9:1–7 and 1 Corinthians 11:29. God's strength is perfected in human weakness, illustrated by Paul's experience with the thorn in his flesh. Carson delves into the theological concepts of propitiation and expiation, explaining how Christ's sacrifice on the cross embodies God's justice and love, ultimately calling Christians to take up their crosses and follow him, even in the face of suffering and persecution.