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Formal and Material Distinguishments
The second contour podcast officially endorses formal and material distinctions. A material lie is when you say something that is false regardless of whether or not you believe it to be false. The formal lie is the assertion of something that you believe to be false so if i am mistaken and i i tell my wife for example that i did in fact take out the garbage it's still lying formally right? "There is a natural tendency of that kind of action to deceive," he says.