Mitophagy Versus Autophagy Explained

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Are your immune cells aging faster than you are? In this episode, Dr. Gabrielle Lyon sits down with Dr. Anurag Singh, a leading physician-researcher and Chief Medical Officer at Timeline, to discuss a groundbreaking discovery: the gut-muscle-immune axis.

While we often focus on muscle mass for longevity, new research published in Nature Aging reveals that our immune system undergoes a similar decline, with youthful sentinel cells (naive CD8 T-cells) dropping by 75% as we reach age 50.

Dr. Singh explains how mitophagy —the targeted recycling of damaged mitochondria—is the key to "rewiring" an aging immune system to fight infection 20% more effectively. In this episode: Alzheimer’s of the Muscle: Why sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is often misdiagnosed as simple aging.

The Power of Urolithin A: How this postbiotic compound induces mitophagy to increase mitochondrial abundance by 20% in just 28 days. Immune Imprinting: Why children get 6-8 colds a year while adults only average 2-4. Repurposing Longevity Drugs: Dr. Singh’s take on Metformin, Rapamycin, and GLP-1s for life extension. The 1:1 Exercise Rule:Why 150 minutes of moderate activity is the threshold for mitochondrial biogenesis.

Thank you to our sponsors:

BodyHealth - Use the code LYON 20 to get 20% off your first order https://www.bodyhealthaffiliates.com/73L4QL3/7XDN2/

Timeline - Get 35% off a Mitopure subscription at https://www.timeline.com/drlyon

Manukora - Go to https://www.MANUKORA.com/DRLYON to save 31% plus $25 worth of free gifts.

Chapters:

0:00 - Can You Tell If Your Immune System Is Healthy?

1:37 - Alzheimer’s of the Muscle: Muscle-Immune Dysfunction

5:59 - The Thymus Design Flaw: Why Our Immune "Ammo" Disappears

8:44 - Naive CD8 T-Cells: The Elite Forces of Immunity

12:24 - The Axis of Aging: Mitochondria and Immune Cells in Muscle

16:15 - Mitophagy vs. Autophagy: Targeted Cellular Recycling

19:11 - Study Review: Rewiring the Immune System with Urolithin A

24:13 - Mitochondrial Remodeling: Switching from Glucose to Fatty Acids

27:45 - The Trifecta: Gut-Muscle-Immune Axis Connection

31:13 - Parkinson’s and the PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy Pathway

35:04 - Clinical Results: Improving Leg Strength in 4 Months

38:51 - Joint Health: Can We Remodel Cartilage with Mitophagy?

43:34 - Targeted Mitophagy Inducers: Exercise vs. Postbiotics

46:44 - Precision Nutrition: The Ideal Muscle Longevity Supplement

53:33 - Why Alzheimer’s is Now Considered an Inflammatory Disease

1:00:13 - The Placebo Effect: You Cannot Deceive the Immune System

1:03:13 - Lymphocyte Counts: The Clinical Marker for Immune Aging

1:08:14 - Rapamycin and Metformin: The Future of Longevity Drugs

1:11:42 - Optimal Dosing: Why 1,000mg of Urolithin A is the Standard

1:15:13 - Sports Medicine: Reducing Muscle Damage Markers (Creatine Kinase)

1:20:03 - The Final Frontier: Brain Aging and Selenium Repair

Connect with Dr. Anurag Singh

Instagram: @timeline_longevity

Website: https://www.timeline.com

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1. Instagram:@drgabriellelyon
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6. Apply to become a patient – https://drgabriellelyon.com/new-patient-inquiry/
7. Join my weekly newsletter – https://institute-for-muscle-centric-medicine.ck.page
8. Pre-order my new book - https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1668085623

Disclaimers: This episode includes paid sponsorships.

The Dr. Gabrielle Lyon Podcast and YouTube are for general information purposes only and do not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing, or other professional health care services, including the giving of medical advice, and no doctor/patient relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast, YouTube, or materials linked from this podcast or YouTube is at the user's own risk. The content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should not disregard or delay in obtaining medical advice for any medical condition they may have and should seek the assistance of their health care professional for any such conditions.