Introduction

In 19 87 19 88, irake air force helicopter sprayed scores of curdish villages with a combination of chemical weapons. Scores of thousands of curds died horrible deaths. Of those who survived, many were left blind or sterile or crippled with agonizing lung damage. Most of the curds slaughtered in that season of mass murder were not gassed, but rounded up and gunned down into mass graves. Those victims were mostly men and boys, and their bodies have never been recovered.