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Is There a Negative Effect of Sugar on Cardiometabolic Health?
When we see any substitution analysis of fructose for any other sugar in these isochloric conditions, you don't really see an effect. And that seems to be pretty consistent across the whole literature base if I'm correct. So whatever additional nuance may be there related to whole grain versus refined grain on some post-prandial metabolic markers, a uniquely deleterious effect to sugars, added sugars or free sugars isn't evident.