How SAS Software Estimates Revenue

A lot of these companies, especially in SAS, they'll kind of know beforehand, especially as the quarter starts, how much rep, they have a really good sense of how much revenue that's coming in because of contracts that have already been signed. And so you'll have companies give guidance that is based on all of their own internal kind of super granular metrics and will bake in some margin of safety. So I think maybe you want to talk a little bit about that. How does the company kind of know and come up with its own estimate and then maybe contrast that within if you're an investment banker at Morgan Stanley or somewhere else, how are they then coming up with the model?