In 1970, construction workers in New York City were attacked by anti-war protesters using pliers and lead pipes. The hard hat versus hippie narrative can be traced to labor leader Peter Brennan who worked with the Nixon White House at the time. Brennan was a right-wing union leader seeking to distance himself from progressive movements like those opposing the war in Vietnam as well as affirmative action for non-whites. There is little doubt that Brennan personally helped orchestrate this violent counter protest which would go on to become known as the hard hat riots.

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