The idea of the brain as a computer is being replaced, at least metaphorically by it as a deep learning mechanism. If you think about deep learning mechanisms, we don't know why that input causes that output. So now if you look upon the computations in the brain as not being fixed algorithms, which is the old computer model dating back from Norbert Wiener, cyber genetics, and that kind of thing. It isn't like that. Same input into two different neural mechanisms won't give you the same output.
Neurologist and author Robert Burton talks about his book, On Being Certain, with EconTalk host Russ Roberts. Burton explores our need for certainty and the challenge of being skeptical about what our brain tells us must be true. Where does what Burton calls "the feeling of knowing" come from? Why can memory lead us astray? Burton claims that our reaction to events emerges from competition among different parts of the brain operating below our level of awareness. The conversation includes a discussion of the experience of transcendence and the different ways humans come to that experience.