Diversity is both observable characteristics, like gender and race, for example. It's also unobservable characteristics like your social economic status of how you were raised. When people look at me, what they see is a white man. They don't see underneath that, this is a person that has very different experiences than many other white men in the academy. And i believe organizations are much more productive because of that. John, give me an example from your own experience of what you would consider a serious voltage drop.
In a new book called The Voltage Effect, the economist John List — who has already revolutionized how his profession does research — is trying to start a scaling revolution. In this installment of the Freakonomics Radio Book Club, List teaches us how to avoid false positives, how to know whether a given success is due to the chef or the ingredients, and how to practice “optimal quitting.”