Alarm raised by athew shragg, who is a neurologist at vanderbilt university. He was analyzing images from this two thousand and six paper,. the raw data, and he identified some signs that suggested fabrication. The most egregious were images of blot tests, which are apasidly used to indicate which proteins are present in a sample. And further reporting by science leads them, at least in the direction that very few explanations other than direct fabrication plausible.