6min chapter

Real Dictators cover image

Turkmenbashy Part 2: Putin, Taliban, Internet Shutdown

Real Dictators

CHAPTER

Runama, a Book of the Soul, by Turkmenbashi

In 2001, Turkmenistan's leader wrote and published a book called Runama. It is part memoir, part national history, part spiritual guide. Students study the text of their desks as proof of devotion to its author. Copies are displayed prominently in mosques - despite Islam forbidding idolatry.

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