A sizometer is a device that measures the ground motion. It's easiest to understand if we talk about some of the earliert sismographs. They involve a mass which is suspended as so basically it's a pendulum. As those earthquake waves come through, that pen will begin to draw wiggles and waves on the paper. The amplitude of those waves will give us an idea of the amount of ground motion there has been. And from that came this elastic rebound theory where these stresses building up a long a fault over hundreds and thousands years, and eventually snap to release this energy.

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