“When we hear the phrase the return on investment, there is a predilection to jump towards cash returns on cash investment. Actually, what we invest is more than cash: we invest better knowledge, we invest better relationships, and we return not just cashable savings, but the value that is returned is more joined up care for residents.” Dr Andy Knox and Dr Sakthi Karunanithi from Lancashire and South Cumbria talk to us about making the case for population health management to improve population health and reduce inequalities. They discuss how using PHM and collaborating beyond the usual care deliverers can help systems to get upstream to help alleviate pressures. Audio transcript is on the PHM Academy on Future NHS: https://future.nhs.uk/populationhealth/view?objectId=162826597