The French and Madagascar Are in 83

The french and madagascar signed a treaty in 18 85, which both sides interpret very differently. But the treaty didn't actually come into effect because queen ranivolona the third refused to accept a protectorate. It seems the french weren't surprised at the failure of negotiations because they had already been planning an expedition. This one is unlike the expeditions in west africa that we covered before,. They allowed the army and the navy to bid for the right of carrying out the invasion. And this was a really, really disastrous decision.