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Franco and the International Brigade
Spain is a snapshot of the tension that's simmering across the globe, says Simon Tisdall. In September 1936, Franco diverted his troops towards the town of Toledo to liberate an infantry academy where he had trained as a boy. Two days after the liberation of Toledo, Franco declares himself El Caudillo - perhaps closest to the German term führer. Volunteers from around 53 different countries joined the International Brigade and helped fortify the lines in Madrid.