Effects of Geomagnetic Storms and Electromagnetic Pulses on Earth's Systems

This chapter explains the impact of geomagnetic storms and electromagnetic pulses on Earth's thermosphere, ionosphere, satellite operation, radio wave travel, spacecraft electrical systems, and large electrical systems on Earth. It delves into the role of transformers in electrical systems and the damage caused by geomagnetic storms, including blackouts and the need for transformer replacements. The chapter also discusses the effects of high altitude nuclear detonations like Starfish Prime, which generated a powerful electromagnetic pulse causing disruptions in electronic systems and demonstrating the devastating effects of EMPs.