How Chatbot AI Tools Work

How do machines actually learn? We create a set of rules that this machine follows sequentially and the machine executes those rules as directed. So I'll give an example. Let's say we have a robotic arm and you've got two tables with different objects on them. How would we build a robotic arm that could deal with these different scenarios, including ones where we put something completely new to the robot)? That is how AI tools are trained.