Gruin saw the early mall as more of a mixed use hub. There were shops and department stores, but also post offices, doctors offices. But by the mid 19 sixties, there just start to be more and more mols,. And their not being designed and created by these original developers. They've found that the mall has been kind of incorporated as an american pastime. It turns out you don't need to have a community space for your modl to operate like a community centr like it's just doing that anyway.