The One-Off Practice of Praying to the Ark

In this presentation, Suan Sonna argues that there is a plausible case to be made of development from the apostles to Nicaea II on the matter of image veneration. Suan first responds to Gavin Ortlund's objection that Nicaea II rejects development in the cultic use of images from the apostles to the Council. Suan accomplishes this by examining the decree and sessions of the Council. The second section fills in the details on image veneration between the apostles and the Council, arguing that there has always been a cultic use of sacred images in Christianity.