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The Coolest Thing About Conceptual Categories
Darwin is known for discovering natural selection but he's less celebrated for understanding that all biological categories have inherent variation inherent variation Darwin wrote in the origin of species about before Darwin's book a species was thought to be a classical category where all the instances of dogs were the same had the exactly same features. Any variation from that perfect platonic instance was considered to be error and Darwin said no it's not error it's meaningful nature selects on the basis of that variation.