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Why bladder cancer cells that shed their Y chromosome become more aggressive

Nature Podcast

CHAPTER

The Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Cancer

The Y negative cells cause an immune evasive environment in the tumor. This prevents the Y negative tumor from being rejected, therefore allowing it to grow much better. Exhausted T cells have lost their ability to kill cancer cells and have lots of proteins on their surface known as check points which put the brakes on immune responses. When T cells are exhausted, certain immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be particularly effective.

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