In this chapter, they discuss the relationship between education and cognitive aging. They mention that education is difficult to study due to the various confounding variables involved. However, lifelong learning is associated with better cognitive reserve, which is the ability to withstand decline in cognitive function. They explain that reserve can be built up through various factors such as physical activity, cognitive engagement, and avoiding negative health behaviors like smoking and excessive alcohol use. They also mention that excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of cognitive decline and the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

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