The chapter explores the complexities of changing human behavior for the better, drawing from social science, psychology, and economics to address the challenges faced in achieving lasting behavior change. Discussions are inspired by societal responses during the pandemic, emphasizing the difficulties in applying social science effectively and debating the effectiveness of nudges and paternalism. Additionally, the chapter highlights the importance of understanding and addressing restraining forces to successfully promote behavior change and reflects on the role of design and technology interventions in facilitating lasting changes.