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The History of the Earth's Magnetic Field
The first precise measurement of magnetic declination, which is the difference in those two things, took place in 15 ten. When mercater made this map, almost 60 years later, there were still lots of questions about how that angle varied around the globe. Europeans had not set foot on australia at all. So that continent marked as nova guinea is a featureless blob. It's australia ish, ye. The western coast of the americas is also like, not it's not shaped exactly right. But still, this is a huge advance for european navigators.