optimism can be defined in different ways, but the way that is often defined is the tendency to look for and be biassed by information that things are going to get better. So first fall i have to say, your claim about the benefits of optimism sounds really enthusiastic, like optimistically enthusiastic. Sounds like an optimist. You say they are enormous and ubiquitous. But when i look into te literature, which you know much better than i, here's one paper,. i see optimism is associated with exceptional longevity in two ep meologic cohorts of men and women. That sounds good. It makes the claim that optimistic people have reduced risk for cardio vascular disease and mortality compared with their less optimistic peers