Emissions and Material Efficiency in the Stuff Economy

This chapter examines the significant greenhouse gas emissions from key industrial sectors, particularly the chemicals, refining, and steel industries. It highlights the challenges of transitioning to a zero-carbon energy system while discussing strategies for improving material efficiency, especially in cement and concrete usage. The chapter also compares recycling efficiencies between materials like steel and plastics, emphasizing the need for policies to enhance recycling practices and reduce emissions.