i want to make two larger historical claims. One is that the ideological conflicts that really shaped and structured politics in much of the twentieth century were not just defined by disagreements over policy. But i think there's an additional dimension, which is a critique of a certain understanding of the relationship between politics and ethics. And the figures who are the main players in this account were all particularly sensitive to that. In many cases, they were sensitive to it because they shared this critique. Am so reinhold nebore whose one figure i look at as a young man, actually attacks what he calls liberalism's gray spirit of compromise. You get similar criticisms, or similar expression even, of contempt for liberalism from al