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The Importance of Game Theory in Cooperative Behavior
In the 1950s, John Nash described a method of showing how self-interested agents would come to certain equilibria in interactions with each other. In games doesn't just mean poker and blackjack, but it can just mean any situation where two or more people are interacting. If both of you confess to the crime, then you both get a low sentence, but if both of you were to stay quiet, you would have both gotten a low sentence. Now, that's what's called a Pareto improvement because it's an improvement for everyone. And so I'm defining cooperation here as ones where self interest is measured as a Nash equilibrium.